Indicators for Climate-SRHR Action
Using consistent indicators across climate-SRHR projects and portfolios is a critical step towards strengthening our understanding of what approaches are most impactful.
What this is
A short-list of evidence-based indicators and measures for funders and implementers to get started with climate-SRHR MEL
Aligned with existing guidance, national monitoring tools, and global goals where possible
However, work at the intersection of climate change and SRHR is incredibly diverse - and there is a need to ensure that MEL frameworks are adapted to the local context and are inclusive of local knowledge and priorities.
What this isn’t
A comprehensive list of all indicators related to SRHR and climate
A fully validated or definitive list of indicators
A set of survey questions or data collection instruments
Indicator 01:
Climate-SRHR projects contribute to improved SRHR outcomes
Purpose
Ultimately, projects at the nexus of climate change and SRHR aim to generate meaningful improvements in SRHR outcomes. This indicator is used to track changes in SRHR outcomes for key areas of SRHR targeted by the project.
Definition
Change in SRHR outcomes that were assessed to be or expected to be sensitive to climate hazards and were targeted by the project, in climate-vulnerable areas benefitting from climate-responsive SRHR activities, by SRH outcome (see sub-indicators).
Geography
Geographic scope may be defined as “in climate-vulnerable areas” or “at sites (e.g., regions, facilities, communities, etc.) benefitting from climate-responsive SRHR activities.” Geographic scope may also be further restricted to “facilities benefitting from climate-responsive SRHR activities” or such a facility’s catchment area if a climate-SRHR project serves a subset of facilities within a specific region.
Data source & measurement
Varies by type of outcome. Data may be available from health facilities, national health information systems, or representative national surveys (e.g., PMA, DHS). Projects should strive to work within and strengthen local health information reporting systems; if timely data is not available with the level of granularity required, coordinate with local health officials to develop a data collection approach that does not disrupt or conflict with ongoing efforts.
Disaggregation
May be disaggregated by gender, age, income, education, geography, etc.; if gathered at facility-level, type of facility
Sub-indicators
Abortion
1.1 Number of unsafe abortions averted in climate-vulnerable areas benefiting from climate-responsive SRHR activities
Comprehensive sexuality education
1.2 Proportion of young men and women aged 15-24 in climate-vulnerable areas benefiting from climate-responsive SRHR activities with basic knowledge about SRHR
Gender-based violence and harmful practices
1.3 Proportion of women aged 20-24 married before 15 and before 18 in climate-vulnerable areas benefiting from climate-responsive SRHR activities
1.4: Proportion of women of reproductive age (15-19) who have undergone female genital mutilation/cutting in climate-vulnerable areas benefiting from climate-responsive SRHR activities
1.5: Proportion of ever-partnered women and girls aged 15 years and older in climate-vulnerable areas benefitting from climate-responsive SRHR activities subjected to physical, sexual or psychological violence by a current or former intimate partner in the previous 12 months, by age and place of occurrence
HIV and STIs
1.6 Number of new HIV infections per 1,000 uninfected population, by sex, age and key populations in climate-vulnerable areas benefiting from climate-responsive SRHR activities
1.7 Proportion of females who have received the recommended number of doses of HPV vaccine prior to age 15 in climate-vulnerable areas benefiting from climate-responsive SRHR activities
Maternal Health (pregnancy and childbirth)
1.8 Maternal mortality rate in climate-vulnerable areas benefiting from climate-responsive SRHR activities
1.9 Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel in climate-vulnerable areas benefiting from climate-responsive SRHR activities
1.10 Proportion of births occurring in health facilities in climate-vulnerable areas benefiting from climate-responsive SRHR activities
1.11 Adolescent birth rate in climate-vulnerable areas benefiting from climate-responsive SRHR activities
Menstrual health
1.12 Proportion of women of reproductive age (15-49) in climate-vulnerable areas benefiting from climate-responsive SRHR activities who reported having enough menstrual materials during their last menstrual period
Modern contraception (family planning)
1.13 Proportion of women of reproductive age (15-49) in climate-vulnerable areas benefiting from climate-responsive SRHR activities who have their need for family planning satisfied with modern methods
1.14 Proportion of women of reproductive age (15-49) in climate-vulnerable areas benefitting from climate-responsive SRHR activities who make their own informed decisions regarding sexual relations, contraceptive use and reproductive health care
Indicator level
Project, facility, regional, national
Aggregation
2 aggregates up to 3: Climate-SRH investments contribute to greater access to climate-responsive SRH services.
Indicator Source
2.4: Adapted from Guttmacher SRHR Indicators for the SDGs
Indicator type
Outcome
Qualitative Validation & Contextualization
Interviews and/or focus groups with project beneficiaries about SRH outcome changes they have experienced over the intervention time period
Indicator type
Outcome
Indicator level
Project. May also be tracked at facility, regional, or national level. May be aggregated up to the portfolio level.
Aggregation
1 aggregates up to 3.1 Number and percent of climate-SRHR investments that contributed to an improvement in SRH outcomes.
Indicator Source
1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.8, 1.9, 1.10, 1.11, 1.13, 1.14: UNFPA Integrated Results and Resources Framework
1.2, 1.7: Guttmacher SRHR Indicators for the SDGs
1.12: Global MHH Technical Working Group: Priority List of Indicators
Implementation guidance
For guidance on how extreme climate and weather emergencies may impact project performance and how to plan for/adjust MEL implementation in such circumstances, see What if a climate hazard or emergency affects my implementation site?
Indicator 02:
Climate-vulnerable regions have access to climate-responsive SRH services.
Purpose
Expanding access to SRH services is a critical step towards improving SRHR outcomes. However, in climate-vulnerable regions, it is imperative for these SRH services to also be responsive to local climate hazards. This indicator will be used to track access to SRH services that are responsive to climate change in climate vulnerable regions.
Definition
Change in the number and percent of people in climate-vulnerable areas with access to climate-responsive SRH services
Note that this indicator reflects the total number of people within the catchment area of a facility that provides SRH services and is implementing actions to make those services more-responsive to climate change, whereas sub-indicator 2.5 reflects the number of people recorded receiving SRH services.
Geography
Geographic scope may be defined as “in climate-vulnerable areas” or “at sites (e.g., regions, facilities, communities, etc.) benefitting from climate-responsive SRHR activities.” Geographic scope may also be further restricted to “facilities benefitting from climate-responsive SRHR activities” if a climate-SRHR project serves a subset of facilities within a specific region.
Data source & measurement
Project records and health facility records. In some geographies, it may be supplemented by VAA data.
Disaggregation
May be disaggregated by type of facility/service delivery point, type of climate-responsive adaptation (e.g., workforce training, preparedness planning, infrastructure upgrades, etc.), SRH service type, provider type, age, gender, geography
Sub-indicators
2.1 Number of individuals in climate-vulnerable areas receiving SRH services, disaggregated by climate hazard, additionally disaggregated by whether or not the SRH services are climate-responsive (output)
2.2 Number of individuals in climate-vulnerable areas receiving SRH services from mobile clinics (output)
2.3 Number / Change in the number and percent of SRH service delivery points in climate-vulnerable areas offering climate-responsive SRH services (output/outcome)
2.4 Number and percent of health facilities that provide essential SRH services in climate-vulnerable areas benefiting from climate-responsive SRHR activities (output)
2.5 Change in number and percent of people in climate-vulnerable areas receiving SRH services (outcome)
2.6 Percent change in the number of individuals benefitting from climate-responsive SRH services who report satisfaction with the services delivered
Qualitative Validation & Contextualization
Quarterly report on climate-responsive SRH service delivery approach and/or mobile clinic delivery approach, including implementation quality assessment, challenges, lessons learned, and implementation improvements/ adjustments
Interviews and/or focus groups with SRH service recipients, mobile clinic SRH service recipients, and providers about SRH service accessibility and satisfaction with climate-responsive SRH services they have experienced over the intervention time period
Implementation guidance
For guidance on how to approach measures of contraception access in climate-related projects in a rights-based manner, see How can a project forward a rights-based approach when working on contraception access and climate change?
Indicator 03:
Climate-SRHR investmentment portfolios increase access to climate-responsive SRH services.
Purpose
Funders need to ensure that their climate-SRHR investments yield benefits in terms of improved access to SRH services and improved SRH outcomes. This indicator will be used to track portfolio performance with respect to the contribution of climate-SRHR investments on SRH service access and outcomes.
Definition
Total number of individuals receiving SRH services that have been adapted to be more responsive to climate change across the portfolio
Data source & measurement
Aggregated project records across the portfolio
Disaggregation
May be disaggregated by climate-responsive adaptation type, climate hazard, age, gender, SRH service type, provider type, facility type, and geography
Sub-indicators
3.1 Number and percent of climate-SRHR investments that contributed to an improvement in SRH outcomes (outcome)
3.2 Change in targeted SRHR outcomes across investment regions
3.3 Total number of health facilities providing SRH services built or retrofitted to be climate-proof
3.4 Total number of health workers reached with information and training on climate change and SRHR to protect their health and their patients from climate hazards
3.5 Total number of people reached through advocacy campaigns
Qualitative Validation & Contextualization
N/A
Indicator type
Outcome
Indicator level
Portfolio. 3.2 may be measured at the national level.
Aggregation
1 aggregates up from 2: Climate-responsive SRH services are accessible in climate-vulnerable regions.
3.1 aggregates up from 1: Climate-SRHR projects contribute to improved SRHR outcomes.
3.3 aggregates up from 4.1: Number of health facilities providing SRH services built or retrofitted to be climate-proof.
3.4 aggregates up from 7.1: Number of health workers reached with information and training on climate change and SRHR to protect their health and their patients from climate hazards.
3.5 aggregates up from 14.2: Number of people reached through campaigns to raise awareness about climate change and SRHR.
Indicator Source
3.3 and 3.4: Adapted from WHO
Indicator 04:
SRH service delivery points are prepared for climate hazards.
Purpose
Health facilities and other SRH service delivery points must be ready for the climate hazards they are facing. These readiness upgrades can include upgrades to water and energy system, building infrastructure, heating and cooling systems, and more. This indicator will be used to track infrastructure upgrades at SRH service delivery points.
Definition
Change in the number and percent of people in climate-vulnerable areas with access to climate-responsive SRH services
Note that this indicator reflects the total number of people within the catchment area of a facility that provides SRH services and is implementing actions to make those services more-responsive to climate change, whereas sub-indicator 2.5 reflects the number of people recorded receiving SRH services.
Geography
Geographic scope may be defined as “in climate-vulnerable areas” or “at sites (e.g., regions, facilities, communities, etc.) benefitting from climate-responsive SRHR activities.” Geographic scope may also be further restricted to “facilities benefitting from climate-responsive SRHR activities” if a climate-SRHR project serves a subset of facilities within a specific region.
Data source & measurement
Project records and health facility records. In some geographies, it may be supplemented by VAA data.
Disaggregation
May be disaggregated by type of facility/service delivery point, type of climate-responsive adaptation (e.g., workforce training, preparedness planning, infrastructure upgrades, etc.), SRH service type, provider type, age, gender, geography
Sub-indicators
2.1 Number of individuals in climate-vulnerable areas receiving SRH services, disaggregated by climate hazard, additionally disaggregated by whether or not the SRH services are climate-responsive (output)
2.2 Number of individuals in climate-vulnerable areas receiving SRH services from mobile clinics (output)
2.3 Number / Change in the number and percent of SRH service delivery points in climate-vulnerable areas offering climate-responsive SRH services (output/outcome)
2.4 Number and percent of health facilities that provide essential SRH services in climate-vulnerable areas benefiting from climate-responsive SRHR activities (output)
2.5 Change in number and percent of people in climate-vulnerable areas receiving SRH services (outcome)
2.6 Percent change in the number of individuals benefitting from climate-responsive SRH services who report satisfaction with the services delivered
Qualitative Validation & Contextualization
Quarterly report on climate-responsive SRH service delivery approach and/or mobile clinic delivery approach, including implementation quality assessment, challenges, lessons learned, and implementation improvements/ adjustments
Interviews and/or focus groups with SRH service recipients, mobile clinic SRH service recipients, and providers about SRH service accessibility and satisfaction with climate-responsive SRH services they have experienced over the intervention time period
Indicator type
Outcome
Indicator level
Project, facility, regional, national
Aggregation
2 aggregates up to 3: Climate-SRH investments contribute to greater access to climate-responsive SRH services.
Indicator Source
2.4: Adapted from Guttmacher SRHR Indicators for the SDGs
Implementation guidance
For guidance on how to approach measures of contraception access in climate-related projects in a rights-based manner, see How can a project forward a rights-based approach when working on contraception access and climate change?
Domain: SRHR Outcomes & Services
Indicator 01
Indicator 02
Indicator 03
Domain: Health Systems
Indicator 04
Indicator 05
Indicator 06
Indicator 07
Domain: Climate Vulnerability & Adaptation
Indicator 08
Indicator 09
Indicator 10
Domain: Climate-Responsive Design
Indicator 11
Indicator 12
Indicator 13
Domain: Advocacy & Preparedness
Indicator 14
Indicator 15
Indicator 16
Domain: Policy and Financing
Indicator 17
Indicator 18
Indicator 19
Indicator 20
Indicator 01:
Climate-SRHR projects contribute to improved SRHR outcomes
Purpose
Ultimately, projects at the nexus of climate change and SRHR aim to generate meaningful improvements in SRHR outcomes. This indicator is used to track changes in SRHR outcomes for key areas of SRHR targeted by the project.
Change in SRHR outcomes that were assessed to be or expected to be sensitive to climate hazards and were targeted by the project, in climate-vulnerable areas benefitting from climate-responsive SRHR activities, by SRH outcome (see sub-indicators).
Geographic scope may be defined as “in climate-vulnerable areas” or “at sites (e.g., regions, facilities, communities, etc.) benefitting from climate-responsive SRHR activities.” Geographic scope may also be further restricted to “facilities benefitting from climate-responsive SRHR activities” or such a facility’s catchment area if a climate-SRHR project serves a subset of facilities within a specific region.
Varies by type of outcome. Data may be available from health facilities, national health information systems, or representative national surveys (e.g., PMA, DHS). Projects should strive to work within and strengthen local health information reporting systems; if timely data is not available with the level of granularity required, coordinate with local health officials to develop a data collection approach that does not disrupt or conflict with ongoing efforts.
May be disaggregated by gender, age, income, education, geography, etc.; if gathered at facility-level, type of facility
Definition
Geography
Data source & measurement
Disaggregation
Sub-indicators
Abortion
1.1 Number of unsafe abortions averted in climate-vulnerable areas benefiting from climate-responsive SRHR activities
Comprehensive sexuality education
1.2 Proportion of young men and women aged 15-24 in climate-vulnerable areas benefiting from climate-responsive SRHR activities with basic knowledge about SRHR
Gender-based violence and harmful practices
1.3 Proportion of women aged 20-24 married before 15 and before 18 in climate-vulnerable areas benefiting from climate-responsive SRHR activities
1.4: Proportion of women of reproductive age (15-19) who have undergone female genital mutilation/cutting in climate-vulnerable areas benefiting from climate-responsive SRHR activities
1.5: Proportion of ever-partnered women and girls aged 15 years and older in climate-vulnerable areas benefitting from climate-responsive SRHR activities subjected to physical, sexual or psychological violence by a current or former intimate partner in the previous 12 months, by age and place of occurrence
HIV and STIs
1.6 Number of new HIV infections per 1,000 uninfected population, by sex, age and key populations in climate-vulnerable areas benefiting from climate-responsive SRHR activities
1.7 Proportion of females who have received the recommended number of doses of HPV vaccine prior to age 15 in climate-vulnerable areas benefiting from climate-responsive SRHR activities
Maternal Health (pregnancy and childbirth)
1.8 Maternal mortality rate in climate-vulnerable areas benefiting from climate-responsive SRHR activities
1.9 Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel in climate-vulnerable areas benefiting from climate-responsive SRHR activities
1.10 Proportion of births occurring in health facilities in climate-vulnerable areas benefiting from climate-responsive SRHR activities
1.11 Adolescent birth rate in climate-vulnerable areas benefiting from climate-responsive SRHR activities
Menstrual health
1.12 Proportion of women of reproductive age (15-49) in climate-vulnerable areas benefiting from climate-responsive SRHR activities who reported having enough menstrual materials during their last menstrual period
Modern contraception (family planning)
1.13 Proportion of women of reproductive age (15-49) in climate-vulnerable areas benefiting from climate-responsive SRHR activities who have their need for family planning satisfied with modern methods
1.14 Proportion of women of reproductive age (15-49) in climate-vulnerable areas benefitting from climate-responsive SRHR activities who make their own informed decisions regarding sexual relations, contraceptive use and reproductive health care
Interviews and/or focus groups with project beneficiaries about SRH outcome changes they have experienced over the intervention time period
Outcome
Project. May also be tracked at facility, regional, or national level. May be aggregated up to the portfolio level.
1 aggregates up to 3.1 Number and percent of climate-SRHR investments that contributed to an improvement in SRH outcomes.
1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.8, 1.9, 1.10, 1.11, 1.13, 1.14: UNFPA Integrated Results and Resources Framework
1.2, 1.7: Guttmacher SRHR Indicators for the SDGs
1.12: Global MHH Technical Working Group: Priority List of Indicators
For guidance on how extreme climate and weather emergencies may impact project performance and how to plan for/adjust MEL implementation in such circumstances, see What if a climate hazard or emergency affects my implementation site?
Indicator 02:
Climate-SRHR projects contribute to improved SRHR outcomes
Ultimately, projects at the nexus of climate change and SRHR aim to generate meaningful improvements in SRHR outcomes. This indicator is used to track changes in SRHR outcomes for key areas of SRHR targeted by the project.
Change in SRHR outcomes that were assessed to be or expected to be sensitive to climate hazards and were targeted by the project, in climate-vulnerable areas benefitting from climate-responsive SRHR activities, by SRH outcome (see sub-indicators).